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A retirement community is a housing complex designed for older adults who are generally able to care for themselves; however, assistance from home care agencies is allowed in some communities, and activities and socialization opportunities are often provided. Some of the characteristics typically are: the community must be age-restricted or age-qualified,〔Saisan, J., & Russell, D. (2012, February).(Independent living for seniors: Understanding your choices in retirement facilities and homes ). Retrieved 2012-05-06〕 residents must be partially or fully retired,〔(Senior living communities. ) (2011). Retrieved 2012-03-06〕 and the community offers shared services or amenities.〔 Additionally, there are different types of retirement communities older adults can choose from including: * Independent living communities, which offer no personal care services.〔 * Congregate housing, which includes at least one shared meal per day with other residents.〔(Independent Living Housing Options ) (2010). Retrieved 2012-03-06.〕 * Mobile homes or RV's for active adults.〔 * Subsidized housing for lower income older adults.〔 * Leisure or lifestyle oriented communities or LORCs, which include various amenities.〔Sreib, G. (2007). (Retirement Communities ). Retrieved 2012-03-06.〕 * Assisted Living Communities: Assisted Living and Memory Care assisted living provide all the daily services seniors need in an apartment or condo style environment. Everything from housekeeping, nursing, dining, wellness,activities, and usually in a locked and secured building. * Continuing Care Retirement Communities, which are further defined below.〔 New types of retirement communities are being developed as the population ages including elder co-housing, which is defined later in this article. Retirement communities are often built in warm climates, and are common in Arizona, California, Florida and Texas but are increasingly being built in and around major cities throughout the United States. Youngtown, Arizona, established in 1954, was the first age-restricted community. Del Webb opened Sun City, Arizona, with the active adult concept, in 1960. In 2011, The Villages, Florida is the largest of these communities.〔Trolander, Judith Ann. ''From Sun Cities to The Villages: A History of Active Adult, Age-Restricted Communities''. University Press of Florida, 2011.〕 While new retirement communities have developed in various areas of the United States, they are largely marketed to older adults who are financially secure. Lower income retirement communities are rare except for government subsidized housing, which neglects a large proportion of older adults who have fewer financial resources.〔Salkin, P (December 15, 2008). (A Quiet Crisis in America: Meeting the Affordable Housing Needs of the Invisible Low-Income Healthy Seniors. ) "Georgetown Journal on Poverty Law Policy", Vol. 15, 2009.〕 ==Continuing care retirement communities== The term Continuing Care Retirement Community is the primary term for a major part of the retirement scene, in books, magazines, accreditation and legislation, in parallel with the categorization just presented. A typical definition, from a New York Department of Health website () is "Continuing care retirement communities (CCRCs) and fee-for-service continuing care retirement communities (FFSCCRCs) are residential alternatives for adults that offer, under one contract, an independent living unit (an apartment or cottage), residential amenities and access to a continuum of long-term care services, as residents' health and social needs change over time." The accrediting agency CCRC/CARF () uses the term CCRC with the same meaning. In 2010, over 2,000 CCRCs existed in the United States with an estimated 640,000 residents. The popularity of CCRCs is increasing, as the number of older adults in such retirement communities has more than doubled during the last decade.〔Shippee, T. (2012). On the edge: Balancing health, participation, and autonomy to maintain active independent living in two retirement facilities. Journal Of Aging Studies, 26(1), 1-15. 〕 The primary benefit of the CCRC model is that it allows people to age in one community even if they need additional healthcare services with time.〔Brecht, S. B., Fein, S., & Hollinger-Smith, L. (2009). Preparing for the Future: Trends in Continuing Care Retirement Communities. Seniors Housing And Care Journal, 17(1), 75-90.〕 Additionally, CCRCs embody a general sense of community and offer peace of mind for couples with the assurance that they will always be near each other, even if one spouse needs more care. There are three levels of care in most CCRCs. The first level is independent living in which residents live on their own and have access to a wide array of amenities. The second level is assisted living, which provides help with daily tasks such as bathing and dressing. The third level is 24-hour nursing home-style care. As residents' health needs increase, they will transition from one level to the next, all within the same community. Most CCRCs include an entrance fee and a monthly fee, and these costs vary widely depending on several factors: the luxuriousness of the facility, the size and type of housing unit, whether the person enters alone or with a spouse, and how much future care is covered. Fees tend to be expensive and usually do not include additional services such as phone and television. Additionally, residents should plan on a 3-6% increase in monthly fees each year. CCRC's usually offer various payment plans, which are listed below.〔Gengler, A., & Crews, V. (2009). Live Like Us. Money, 38(3), 86-91.〕 #Life care: Residents pay a large entrance fee (average $270,000) and pay a set monthly fee (average $2,750) that does not increase if additional healthcare is needed. #Modified: Residents pay a lower entrance fee (average $239,000) and their initial monthly fees (average $2,400) cover a certain amount of higher-level care. The monthly fees rise when further care is needed (assisted living average $4,400; nursing care average $8,200). #Pay as you go: Residents pay a lower entrance fee (average $238,000), but initial monthly fees (average $2,000) increase when additional care is needed (assisted living average $4,300; nursing care average $7,700). One risk of entering a CCRC is that most will refund only a portion or none of the entrance fee if a resident chooses to leave the community. The same refund policies exist when a resident passes away. Persons considering moving into a CCRC may wish to (research ) existing CCRCs before committing to one. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Retirement community」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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